Economics of intolerance and social conflict

Authors

  • Partha Gangopadhyay

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15355/epsj.4.2.23

Keywords:

Intolerance, social conflict, game theory

Abstract

An important consensus today is that intolerance and social conflict have a substantial economic dimension. This article models a person's "returns" to acts of intolerance in terms of social approval or disapproval that this person's peer-group may offer. It is found that high levels of intolerance may persist (that is, society is “in equilibrium") even as this imposes economic costs.

References

Akerlof, G. 1980. “A Theory of Social Custom of which Unemployment may be one Consequence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics. XCIV, pp. 749-775.

Bowles, S. 1999. “Social Capital and Community Governance.” Focus. Vol. 20, pp. 6-10.

Bowles, S. and H. Gintis. 1988. “Contested Exchange: Political Economy and Modern Economic Theory.” American Economic Review. Vol. 78, pp. 145-150.

Collier, P. and A. Hoeffler. 1998. “On Economic Causes of Civil War.” Oxford Economic Papers. Vol. 50, pp. 563-573.

Collier, P. and A. Hoeffler. 2000. “Greed and Grievance in Civil Wars.” World Bank Working Paper Series, No. 18. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Cobban, A. 1934. Rousseau and the Modern State. London: Allen & Unwin.

Cooper, R. and J. Haltiwanger. 1996. “Evidence on Macroeconomic Complementarities.” Review of Economics and Statistics. Vol. 78, pp. 78-93.

Cooper, R. and A. John. 1988. “Coordinating Coordination Failures in Keynesian Models.” Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. 103, pp. 441-463.

Crampton, P. 1984. “Bargaining with Incomplete Information: An Infinite Horizon Model with Two-Sided Uncertainty.” Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 51, No.4 pp. 579-593.

Crawford, V. 1982. “A Theory of Disagreement in Bargaining.” Econometrica. Vol. 50, pp. 607-631.

Durlauf, S. 1999. “The Case against Social Capital.” Focus. Vol. 20, pp. 1-5.

Garfinkel, M.R. 1994. “'Domestic Politics and International Conflict.” American Economic Review. Vol. 84, pp. 1294-1309.

Grossman, H.I. 1991. “A General Equilibrium Model of Insurrections.” American Economic Review. Vol. 81, pp. 912-921.

Grossman, H.I. 1998. “Producers and Predators.” Pacific Economic Review. Vol. 3, pp. 169-187.

Grossman, H.I. 2004. “Peace and War in Territorial Disputes.” NBER working paper, No. 10601.

Harsanyi, J. 1961. “On the Rationality Postulates Underlying the Theory of Cooperative Games.” Journal of Conflict Resolution. Vol. 5, pp. 179-196.

Hegre, H., T. Ellingsen, N.P. Gleditsch, S. Gates. 2001. “Towards a Democratic Civil Peace? Opportunity, Grievance, and Civil War, 1816-1992.” American Political Science Review. Vol. 95, pp. 16-33.

Hirshleifer, D. 2008. “Psychological Bias as a Driver of Regulation.” European Financial Management. Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 854-874.

Hirshleifer, J. 1988. “The Analytics of Continuing Conflict.” Synthesis. Vol. 76, pp. 201-233.

Hirshleifer, J. 1989. “Conflict and Rent-Seeking Success Functions: Ratio versus Difference Models of Relative Success.” Public Choice. Vol. 63, pp. 101-112.

Hirshleifer, J. 1995. “Anarchy and its Breakdown.” Journal of Political Economy. Vol. 103, pp. 27-52.

Hirshleifer, J. 2000. “The Macrotechnology of Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Resolution. Vol. 44, pp. 773-792.

Hollis, M. 1987. The Cunning of Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hume, D. 1888. Treatise on Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ma, C. 1988. “Unique Implementation of Incentive Contracts with Many Agents.” Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 55, pp. 555-572.

Ma, C., J. Moore, and S. Turnbull. 1988. “Stopping Agents from Cheating.” Journal of Economic Theory. Vol. 46, pp. 355-372.

Mookherjee, D. 1984. “Optimal Incentive Schemes with Many Agents.” Review of Economic Studies. Vol. 51, pp. 433-446.

Myerson, R.B. 1991. Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict. Boston, MA: Harvard University Press.

Myerson, R.B. 1992. “On the Value of Game Theory in Social Science.” Rationality and Society. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 62-73.

Myerson, R.B. 2004. “Justice, Institutions and Multiple Equilibria.” Chicago Journal of International Law. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 91-107.

Nash, J.F. 1953. “Two-person Cooperative Games.” Econometrica. Vol. 21, pp. 128-140.

Newman, J. 1957. “Book review, ‘The Lisbon Earthquake’ by Sir T.D. Kendrick.” Scientific American. July. Pp. 164-169.

Palfrey, T.R. 1992. “Implementation in Bayesian Equilibrium: The Multiple Equilibrium Problem in Mechanism Design,” in J.J. Laffont, ed., Advances in Economic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Postlewaite, A. and D. Schmeidler. 1986. “Implementation in Differential Information Economies.” Journal of Economic Theory. Vol. 39, pp. 14-33.

Putnam, R. 1993. “The Prosperous Community: Social Capital and Public Life.” The American Prospect. Vol. 13, pp. 35-42.

Rousseau, J.J. 1964. The First and Second Discourses. Edited by R.D. Masters. New York: St Martin’s Press.

Schelling, T. 1971. “Dynamic Models of Segregation.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology. Vol. 1, pp. 143-186.

Skaperdas, S. 1992. “Cooperation, Conflict and Power in the Absence of Property Rights.” American Economic Review. Vol. 82, pp. 720-739.

Skaperdas, S. and C. Syropoulos. 1997. “The Distribution of Income in the Presence of Appropriative Activities.” Economica. Vol. 64, pp. 101-107.

Twain, M. 1917. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. New York: Modern Library Edition.

Downloads

Published

2009-07-06

How to Cite

Gangopadhyay, P. (2009). Economics of intolerance and social conflict. The Economics of Peace and Security Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.15355/epsj.4.2.23

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.