Vol. 20 No. 2 (2025):
This issue commences with an article by Khaled Elmawazini, Ali Polat, and Adel Behzadi providing an estimate of true cost of the Gaza war for Israel. This is followed by Naveen Kolloju’s exploration of India’s climate security paradox and the navigation of its policy commitments amid global climate governance gaps. Finally, Anfal Ishaq, Alvina Sabah Idrees, and Saima Sarwar examine how peace matters for Pakistan’s bilateral trade using an extended gravity model.



